Affichage de 117 résultats

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:6837#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Pat Hoffman grew up in Indiana, and graduated high school in West Lafayette, Indiana. She attended Purdue University for one year before switching to Carleton University, where she received her bachelor's degree in Psychology and Sociology, with a teaching major in English and History. After college, she married and had five children before deciding to return to school. She attended St. Cloud State University, where she received her master's degree in Counseling in 1964, and in 1982 received her doctorate in counseling psychology. Starting in 1963, she taught at St. Cloud State in the Sociology department for one year, then worked as a social worker for two years before being hired again by the university as a full-time counselor, a position she maintained until her retirement in 1990.

Transcript Summary: Hoffman described her upbringing and education, including some discussion on her life as a "change of life baby," a child born late in her parents' lives, and how that affected her life decisions. She talked about her college education, and how she moved from Indiana to Minnesota. Hoffman also discussed what led her to return to school after having five children, and how that led her to gain employment at St. Cloud State.

Hoffman described her career as a counselor at St. Cloud State, and how things changed in the 25 years that she worked at the university. She claimed that the faculty used to be much closer and familiar, and that there never used to be as much confrontation as she perceived there to be in the later years of her time at SCSU. Hoffman claimed that the students she counsels now tend to have much more serious problems than those students she worked with in her earlier years, citing drug use and institutionalization as frequent among those students. Hoffman explained her ideas about the relationship between St. Cloud and the university, stating that the college had a greater impact on the town than vice versa. She also discussed how during a time of rapid growth at the University, a lack of planning had a negative impact on the students.

Hoffman described the highs and lows of her counseling career. She claimed that the years during the Vietnam War were very difficult, as she would often talk to young men who were going to fight for something they did not believe in. She said that her favorite part of the job was working with and talking to her clients, the students.

Interview by Jerry Westby

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:6840#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Vernon Leitch grew up in Underwood, Minnesota. He attended Moorhead State University in Moorhead, Minnesota, earning a bachelor's degree in mathematics and social studies. He then received a master's degree from Bowling Green State University in Ohio, and his doctorate in Education from the University of Northern Colorado. Leitch taught at Barrett High School in Minnesota for three years, and then in Hibbing, Minnesota for two years in the late 1960s. In 1969, Leitch was appointed as professor of mathematics at St. Cloud State. He became involved in the Faculty Association and Inter-Faculty Organization (IFO). He worked to help the IFO-MEA (Minnesota Education Association) achieve victory in the early 1970s at St. Cloud State, serving as its president for a couple of years. He also served as President of the IFO Board, from which he resigned in 1980. He was still active at the time of this interview as a member of the IFO’s Executive Council.

Transcript Summary: Leitch described his college education and early involvement in working with the IFO. He stated that he was a member of teaching unions while he taught high school, but was not active. He discussed why he became involved with the IFO, explaining the reason for pursuing a connection with the MEA and how people's opinions of that connection changed. Leitch described the work he with publicity about the IFO-MEA, claiming that it took a great deal of time, work, and effort. In addition, Leitch expressed his thoughts on what made the campaign a success.

Leitch chronicled his involvement with the IFO-MEA after the successful campaign. He served as President for a few years and described the goals he tried to accomplish while in that position. He claimed that being the first president was difficult. Leitch felt that since every decision that was made could set a precedent, resulting in a very cautious and somewhat conservative approach. He also discussed the MEA and their involvement in collective bargaining at SCSU after the election.

Leitch discussed what he believes to be the successes of the IFO-MEA, along with some concerns he has for the future. He felt that after the victory, there was much less complaining about difference in salaries. However, he stated that the IFO-MEA has not been as involved in campus policy-making as he would have liked. Leitch was optimistic about the future of collective bargaining, as long as faculty stay involved, and not leaving the responsibility to a handful of individuals.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7393#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: MacGregor was born on October 8, 1890 in St. Cloud, Minnesota. His father was of Scottish descent, while his mother was of Irish descent. He graduated from Union High School in 1909, and went immediately to the St. Cloud State. MacGregor graduated in June 1911. He did his practice teaching in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, which is near St. Cloud, and accepted his first job teaching at an all-boys school in Spokane, Washington. MacGregor taught in Spokane for a year before health problems caused him to return to Minnesota. He attended the University of Minnesota in 1912 with hopes of becoming an architect. He did serve in the army during World War I, spending some time in Sussex, England, but did not see combat.

Transcript Summary:MacGregor discussed how his family came to be in Minnesota from Scotland and Ireland. He described his elementary and high school education, both of which took place in St. Cloud. MacGregor stated his decision to attend St. Cloud Normal School was easy, since it was very close and allowed him to live at home while pursuing his studies.

MacGregor chronicled his time at the St. Cloud State, mentioning his practice teaching in Sauk Rapids, where he taught manual training. He discussed how he obtained a job in Spokane, Washington, and the health problems that forced him to leave that job behind. MacGregor also explained how he was drawn to architecture, and why he decided to pursue that as a career.

MacGregor recalled some of the teachers he remembers from St. Cloud State, including Clara Stiles, Elsa Dopp, and George Lynch. He told an interesting anecdote about how George Lynch convinced him to play basketball and then kicked him out. MacGregor also discussed the backgrounds of the students who attended the university when he did. He claimed that many of them came from farming families, and many of them did not come from families with large amounts of money. MacGregor touched on his reasons for joining the Army during World War I.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:6858#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Charles Martin was born on June 28, 1909 in Randall, Minnesota. His father was of Irish descent, while his mother was of French descent. His mother died in 1922, and he was an only child, so he and his father lived together until he graduated high school in Little Falls in 1927. Martin wanted to attend college to become a teacher in order to earn money, but he instead took a job at a local hotel. When his father agreed to pay for a year of school, Martin went to St. Cloud State to become a teacher. He was so involved in plays and other extracurricular activities that he became sick and had to take a year off from school. When Martin wanted to return, the Depression had begun, making it difficult to afford school. He did return in the fall of 1931, and, with the help of St. Cloud State president George Selke, was able to work directing school plays. In 1932, Martin earned his bachelor's degree in Education, with a major in English. After graduation he was forced to take jobs just to make ends meet until 1933 when he was hired as an English teacher in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota. He taught in Sauk Rapids until 1937, when he accepted a position in Little Falls, Minnesota, to teach English and direct plays. Martin retired in 1974. He wrote several poems throughout his lifetime, and received several honors for his work.

Transcript Summary: Martin described his early life and his decision to attend college to become a teacher. Martin shared several anecdotes, including a story about his distant French relatives in France. He also discussed his decision to work before going to college at the Elk's Hotel, and recounted the story of Charles Lindbergh's visit after his historic flight to Paris in 1927. Martin explained his decision to attend St. Cloud State.

Martin discussed his experiences at St. Cloud State. He shared several anecdotes about his time there, including how he met and became friends with St. Cloud State president George Selke, as well as becoming friends with Miss Evelyn Pribble. He also recalled how his devotion to school plays and his job at the Royal Cafe distracted him from his studies and eventually made him sick, forcing him to miss a year of school. Martin mentioned the struggles he had returning to school during a time of such financial hardship. He recounted the story of how he was able to obtain a position directing school plays at the school, which allowed him to stay and receive his bachelor's degree in 1932.

Martin chronicled his post-St. Cloud State life, as well as how terrified he was to student teach. He recalled the difficulty in obtaining work after graduation, but that he eventually found a good position in Sauk Rapids and, later, in Little Falls.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:6849#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Larry Meyer was born in 1948. His grandparents were immigrants, coming from Sweden, Italy, Germany, and Czechoslovakia. He lived in St. Paul until he was about 12, then moved to a farm about 12 miles from Princeton, Minnesota. He graduated from Princeton High School in 1967 and then decided to attend St. Cloud State , with the hopes of becoming an attorney. While at the university, Meyer became heavily involved in student government and activism. He was a member of the Student Senate his entire college career, except for a few months when he dropped out due to suffering grades. He was Student Senate president from 1969-1970. After he graduated from St. Cloud State in 1971, he entered the Army Reserves. After BASIC training, he was hired by the Hubert Humphrey organization, which he was with until the Democratic National Convention in which Humphrey lost to George McGovern. He then went to work with Minnesota governor Wendell Anderson, then with the Minnesota DFL party as finance director for three years. In 1976, he returned to St. Cloud where he established his own business, and, in 1980, was elected to St. Cloud City Council. He served as mayor of the city of St. Cloud from 1997 to 2001.

Transcript Summary: Meyer described family background as well as his motivations for choosing to attend SCSU. He said his grandparents were immigrants from different parts of Europe who met in the Twin Cities metro area. His family moved to a farm near Princeton, Minnesota, when he was 12. His parents encouraged him to go to college, despite the fact that they were somewhat poor. He chose St. Cloud State, as it was very close and financially more appealing. Meyer mentioned that there were plenty of scholarships, grants, and other financial aid available at that time for anyone who wished to go to college.

Meyer chronicled his activism while at St. Cloud State. He briefly recalled the Political Science Department, then described the movements that drew him into politics. He claimed that he became caught up in the anti-Vietnam movement, as well as the student power movement. He said many issues were prevalent, including women's hours and other social restrictions. Unfortunately, he and many other activist students had their grades suffer because they focused so much energy on protests. Meyer described his involvement in the Student Senate, including his decision to run for President as a moderate, which alienated some of the more radical activists. Meyer said that his involvement in campus politics took him all over the country, from New York to Los Angeles.

Meyer discussed his experiences after college. Interestingly, he claimed he joined the Volunteer Reserves simply because once finished with college, young men had to either sign up for the active army or the volunteer reserves. He then embarked on a political career, which allowed him to work with Hubert Humphrey, Wendell Anderson, and the Minnesota DFL party. Meyer recounted his time working as an intern with Walter Mondale in Washington, D.C., in 1969, at a time when the city was a very tumultuous place. Meyer explained the ways in which St. Cloud State, both in his educational and political lives there, helped prepare him for the career he made for himself.

https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/lemcon_oh/2/

Biographical information: Jessica Ostman holds an undergraduate degree (1987) and master of Business Administration (1992) from St. Cloud State University. In 1988, Ostman was hired by St. Cloud State’s Residential Life unit and worked there in a variety of roles, including program coordinator, Shoemaker Hall resident director, and associate director. In 1996, Ostman was hired to be University Programming interim director and appointed permanently to that position in July 1998. Due to reorganization of units in Student Life and Development in 2011, Ostman was hired as director of the department of Campus Involvement, a position she still holds in 2017. Ostman also served as interim director of the Atwood Memorial Center student union from July 2013 to April 2014.

Transcript Summary: In an interview conducted by Margaret Vos on August 12, 2014, Ostman discussed her role in planning the Lemonade Concert and Art Fair since 1996. Ostman explained that the plans for Lemonade are detailed and by the minute. She described the role of community member Ginny Tennant, who has been part of the Lemonade Concert and Art Fair since its beginning in 1974, and how Tennant handled recruiting the variety of artists who appeared at this one day event. Ostman also described participation of the St. Cloud Symphony Orchestra at Lemonade. Ostman touched upon attendance, foods that were available, the Little Lemons children area, the town and gown connection between St. Cloud State and the city of St. Cloud, and the effect of Minnesota weather on the event.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7435#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Arnold Schneider was born in 1909. He attended high school in Wisconsin, and after graduation went to work for the Great Northern Railroad in Allouez, Wisconsin. He continued to work for the railroad while he put himself through junior college in Duluth, Minnesota, which he finished in two years. He then attended the Iowa State Teacher's College in Cedar Falls, Iowa, where he majored in Business Education. He graduated in 1932. After graduation, he went to Madison, South Dakota, where he taught at Eastern State College. He later worked as Junior Analyst for Merrill Lynch in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and also as an accountant for Ford Motor Company. After receiving his master's degree from the University of Iowa in 1937, he was offered a position at St. Cloud State to begin a Business Education program. He accepted and established the program in the spring of 1938. He remained in St. Cloud State until 1942, when he joined the Navy. After World War II, he returned the university for a year before obtaining a position at Western Michigan University, where he started a College of Business program. He retired in 1974.

Transcript Summary: Schneider chronicled how he came to work in Business Education at St. Cloud State. Schneider said that Minnesota had no program to prepare Business teachers until St. Cloud State president George Selke convinced the State University Board to allow St. Cloud to establish one. Schneider was contacted while he was working on his doctorate in Iow, and jumped at the opportunity to come to St. Cloud. While the program officially began spring semester of 1938, it really took off that following fall. Schneider described the early days of the department, as well as the two other faculty members involved, Clair Dagget and Mary Ferro.

Schneider discussed his educational history. He said that working for the Great Northern Railroad allowed him to put himself through junior college. Schneider mentioned his experiences attending the University of Iowa during the Depression. Schneider also described the very mixed career experiences he had, from teaching business in colleges to working with huge companies like Merrill Lynch and Ford Motor Company. That variety of work experience, Schneider claimed, made him very versatile and aware of the many different aspects of the business world.

Schneider reflected on some of his other experiences, including that of working with World War II veterans. He believed that the GI bill, which allowed veterans to attend college, had a huge effect on education in the United States. He greatly admired veterans as students, and believed they made his classroom a much more dynamic place than it had been before. He felt that state universities became the "common man's school." Schneider also talked about some of St. Cloud State faculty he remembers, such as Clifford Bemis, Herbert Clugston, and Roland Torgerson.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7438#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Winston Borden was born in 1943, growing up in Center Township near Brainerd, Minnesota. Borden graduated from Brainerd High School in 1961, and attended St. Cloud State University on a speech scholarship that fall. Borden was heavily involved in the "Young Democrats" as well as student government. After graduating with degrees in Speech and Political Science in 1965 from St. Cloud State, Borden received a master’s in Government Administration and a doctorate in Law from the University of Minnesota. He later taught at the University of Wisconsin, practiced law in Duluth and Brainerd, and served on the Minnesota State Senate for eight years. In 1979, Borden became President of the Minnesota Association of Commerce and Industry (MACI).

Transcript Summary: Borden's grandparents migrated to Center Township, north of Brainerd, Minnesota, in the 1880s. Borden had two brothers and one sister. He discussed his reasons to attend St. Cloud State University, as well as the encouragement from his teachers and family that led him to be the first member of his family to attend college.

Much of the interview focused on Borden's experiences at St. Cloud State. He chronicled in great detail about the effectiveness of some of his professors, like Dr. Jim Davis, who made subjects come alive and opened him up to new experiences. He also talked about the influence of interacting with students from Minneapolis and St. Paul, who possessed a much different worldview. The interview also discussed the changes that not only occurred in St. Cloud, but in the country, from civil rights to the Kennedy assassination, that affected Borden's college career and opinions.

The final piece focused more on Borden's experience in St. Cloud specifically, including how he became involved in politics, and some of the controversies he dealt with, including St. Cloud State president George Budd not allowing students to join the National Student Organization, which may have been considered "too liberal." Borden also explained the ways in which the relationship between the St. Cloud community and the university has changed since his time at St. Cloud State.

Contents of Folder: Histories by Carl Buckman: These are original handwritten and revised typed histories of the St. Cloud Normal School written by Carl Buckman, with a focus on his experiences there.

Letters of Recommendation for John Buckman: These are mostly copies of letters of recommendation written for John Buckman, Carl's father, by St. Cloud State presidents Thomas Gray and Joseph Carhart.

Newsclippings and Publications: These include newspaper articles with mention of Buckman's mother, as well as a promotional item for the Normal School from the 1920s.

Photos: Three photographs are located here, all related to Normal School athletics.

U.S. Patents for John Buckman: This is a patent obtained by John Buckman in 1902 for a Hot Air Register.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7432#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Clair Daggett was born in Wisconsin in 1909. His family hailed from Maine and was of Scottish and English descent. His family farmed in Omro, Wisconsin, where Dagget graduated from high school in 1927. He then attended college in Whitewater, Wisconsin, where he received a bachelor's degree in Commercial Education, which would today be called Business Education. After stints teaching high school in Menominee and Kenosha, Wisconsin, he pursued a master's degree at the University of Iowa, and came to St. Cloud State in 1939 to teach business courses. Dagget joined the Air Force during World War II, then returned to his position at SCSU, where he taught until 1974.

Transcript Summary: Daggett discussed his educational and family background. He detailed some roadblocks he encountered in his education due to family issues and accreditation problems between Iowa and Wisconsin universities. He provided some colorful anecdotes about his family and youth.

Next, Daggett chronicles his arrival to St. Cloud and his early years teaching at the university. Daggett detailed how small the Business Department initially was with only three faculty. In addition, he discussed his time in the Air Force during World War II, and how the G.I. Bill allowed him to obtain his doctorate when he returned from service. Daggett taught many veterans after his return, who were older than most students.

Finally, Daggett focused on the changes at St. Cloud State, and in his own department, experienced during his 35 years at the university. For example, the Business department grew from 3 faculty to 50 at the time of the interview. Here, Daggett also discussed the different St. Cloud State presidents and their administration. He claimed that president George Budd discouraged university employees’ involvement in downtown social clubs because Budd desired to be the sole connection between downtown and St. Cloud State.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7402#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Ruth Dahlquist was born on January 18, 1898, in Stewart, Minnesota, about an 65 miles southwest of Minneapolis. Her maiden name was Senescall, and her ancestry was Swedish, German, and English. The town of Stewart, where she grew up, was a German community where German was still frequently spoken. Dahlquist always wanted to be a teacher, so attending St. Cloud State was the natural thing to do. After graduating in 1917, she found teaching jobs in Buffalo Lake and Hutchinson, Minnesota as well as Wyoming, before settling in LaPorte, Indiana, where she taught for 19 years. In 1946, Dahlquist married, and her husband passed away in 1955. She then taught in Michigan for 10 years before retiring.

Transcript Summary: Dahlquist described her family history and what inspired her to become a teacher. She talked about her ancestry, having English relatives on her father's side, as well as growing up in a largely German community. She also mentions that she had always wanted to be a teacher, and since so many girls from Stewart, Minnesota attended St. Cloud Normal School for that purpose, it seemed like the natural thing to do.

Dahlquist chronicled her time at St. Cloud State. She detailed what life was like in the dormitories. She claimed the teachers were very strict, so strict she was surprised. She discussed the two different St. Cloud State presidents she encountered, Isabel Lawrence and Joseph Brown. Brown, Dahlquist stated, was freer with the students and brought more modern ideas to the school. Dahlquist described several other teachers and their personalities, interests, and teaching styles. In addition, she explained what she and her friends would do during their time off, and also discussed the literary societies they were involved in, which, though not sororities, had many similarities to them.

Finally, Dahlquist's discussed her experiences after leaving St. Cloud State, including her marriage in 1946. She addressed such issues as World War I, which the U.S. became involved in during her time at the St. Cloud State. Dahlquist claimed that many students were shocked, and that the war was a controversial topic. She reflected on her experiences at St. Cloud State as a whole, and thanked the institution for being so severe and strict with her, as it provided her with a strong foundation that helped guide her for the entirety of her teaching career.

https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/scsu_oh/2 [11651]

Biographical Information: Art Grachek was born on October 4, 1940, in Gilman, Minnesota. The youngest of five children, Art arrived at St. Cloud State in 1958, graduating with a BS degree in 1962. After graduation, Grachek continued his education at St. Cloud State, working as program advisor in the registrar’s office, and then earning his master’s degree in 1964. He then taught at Cathedral High School in St. Cloud, as well as taught courses at St. Cloud State and St. John’s University in Collegeville, Minnesota. With wife Barb, Art moved to Detroit in 1968 to attend Wayne State University. Grachek returned to St. Cloud State in the fall of 1971 to teach in Speech Communication. While at St. Cloud State, he finished his Ph.D. program in 1974. Grachek retired in 2003. Grachek married Barb Svela in 1964 and had two children together, Sara and Rebecca.

Transcript Summary: In an oral history conducted by St. Cloud State University Archivist Tom Steman on March 7, 2017, retired faculty member Art Grachek spoke about his time at St. Cloud State as a student and long-time faculty member, life in Detroit, and activities during retirement.

Grachek discussed his family growing up in Gilman and then, as the first person in his immediate family to attend college. Before coming to St. Cloud State in 1958, Grachek briefly considered attending Northern Arizona University. While at St. Cloud State as an undergraduate, Grachek lived with long-time faculty member L. Ruth Cadwell, who he described as pleasant. While an undergraduate at St. Cloud State, Grachek was heavily involved with the Newman Center, where he met his future wife, Barb Svela. Graduating in 1962, Grachek continued his education at St. Cloud State, working as a program advisor while earning his master’s degree, which he received in 1964.

After graduation, Grachek taught business and, later, speech courses at Cathedral High School in St. Cloud. He also taught at St. Cloud State and spent a year teaching at St. John’s University. Grachek decided to enroll in the Ph.D. program in speech communication at Wayne State University in Detroit, though he did not start there full-time until 1968. He spent time there in the summer of 1967, witnessing the race riots that were happening not far from campus. Grachek, who had married Barb in 1964, started a family while stil in St. Cloud and had completed his coursework by 1971.

Amongst many other offers, Grachek was hired as a faculty member in Speech at St. Cloud State in fall 1971 in a position that fit well with his interests. Upon earning his Ph.D. from Wayne State in 1974, Grachek was appointed department chair. Here Grachek witnessed the change and evolution of speech communication, as various disciplines that were often connected to it were spun off and the curriculum was modified to meet the changing needs of students. Grachek also touched upon his time at faculty athletic representative and his trips abroad through St. Cloud State International Studies program at Alnwick and Denmark. Grachek also discussed his relationship with Presidents Bob Wick and Brendan McDonald.

Grachek retired in 2002 and keeps busy with his work with the Kiwanis Club, Catholic Charities, and Clara’s House.

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This collection contains 52 oral histories, nearly all done between the mid 1970s and 1990, featuring St. Cloud State alums, long-time faculty, and top administrators, such as Presidents Budd, Wick, Graham, and McDonald. Done mostly by retired History faculty member Cal Gower, topics discussed in the oral histories include individual experiences and changes at St. Cloud State from the early 20th century, until the 1980s, as well as family background and life before and after time at St. Cloud State. Five additional interviews were done by Tom Steman in 2016, 2017, and 2019.

Some oral histories contain release forms from the interviewee and are noted.

Cal Gower conducted the interviews unless where noted.

The collection is in two series.

Series 1: Transcripts and other material

This series contains the final oral history transcripts for each interview, signed release forms, if they existed, as well as other material given by the interviewee (photos, newspaper clippings, ephemera).

Series 2: Tapes

This series contains the audio tapes from each oral history, ranging from one cassette tape to two.

https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/scsu_oh/7 [12440]

Biographical Information: Growing up in northern New Jersey, Rob Lavenda majored in anthropology at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, where he graduated in 1971. He received his master’s degree and Ph.D. from Indiana University in 1974 and 1977. After earning his doctorate, Lavenda taught for nearly two academic years at the University of Minnesota-Morris. Lavenda then arrived at St. Cloud State in September 1979, appointed as an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work. While at St. Cloud State, Lavenda taught a variety of anthropology classes, researched the culture of Minnesota festivals, and was heavily involved in the international studies program, particularly those in Costa Rica and Chile. Lavenda retired from St. Cloud State after the 2017 spring semester.

Transcript Summary: In an oral history conducted by Professor of Communications Studies Jeff Ringer on April 25, 2017, retiring faculty member Rob Lavenda spoke about his time at St. Cloud State as a faculty member, the changes in the Anthropology department, teaching, and his role in the international studies, especially Latin American programs.

After graduating with his doctorate in 1977 from Indiana University, Lavenda spent two years at the University of Minnesota-Morris. At Morris, he headed a group of students to Ecuador for fieldwork. That interest in international studies led to a one year appointment at St. Cloud State in 1979 and his subsequent hiring in a permanent position the following year. Lavenda chronicled the subsequent development of programs in Costa Rica and, later, Chile. He shared his thoughts on how the International Studies program developed in the 1980s and 1990s at St. Cloud State, particularly models on administration and governance of these programs, treatment of international faculty, and the benefits of having international partners for St. Cloud State and its students.

Lavenda discussed the development of the department of Anthropology, including its connection at St. Cloud State with Sociology and Social Work as well as the establishment of an anthropology field school. He touched upon the creation and subsequent publishing of textbooks that he wrote with Emily Schultz, the technological revolution and its effects on today’s students, and the urging to St. Cloud State to continue to emphasize excellence.

Interview by Jeff Ringer

https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/scsu_oh/4 [11653]

Biographical Information: Harold (Hal) Lieberman was born on March 22, 1922, in Toledo, Ohio. With degrees from the University of Toledo (BA, 1947), University of Chicago (MA, 1949), and Syracuse University (DSS, 1957), first taught three years at the Ohio Northern University. After three years there, Lieberman arrived at St. Cloud State University in 1956. He retired in 1985 as a full professor in the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies. Lieberman married his wife Mary Button in 1952 and had five children together. She passed away in 2010.

Transcript Summary: In an oral history conducted by St. Cloud State University Archivist Tom Steman on December 13, 2016, retired faculty member Hal Lieberman spoke mostly about his life experiences that led him to teach at St. Cloud State University as well as the several organizations he was part of during his time there.

Lieberman, a first-generation American born in 1922, mentions how his mother and father were immigrants that settled in Toledo, Ohio, where Lieberman lived mostly during his childhood and as an undergraduate at the University of Toledo. After his graduate career at the University of Chicago, Lieberman attended doctoral school at Syracuse University. Here he had the opportunity to be involved with a summer program at the United Nations and met Eleanor Roosevelt. Arriving on St. Cloud State’s campus in 1956, Lieberman witnessed the transition of the St. Cloud Teacher’s College to St. Cloud State College, and was originally tasked with creating the social sciences department. Always looking for ways to get involved, Lieberman discussed the introduction of the Student Project for Amity among Nations program (SPAN), which included student tours and study abroad opportunities in Alnwick, England. Lieberman was also part of the Tri-College Great Issues Program meant to bring together the College of St. Benedict’s and St. John’s University with St. Cloud State. This program allowed for select students from all three schools to meet on a regular basis and collaborate with each other, and this initiative is what brought the St. Benedict’s and St. John’s together in present day.

Finally, Lieberman discussed his personal life, such as meeting and marrying his wife, Mary, after a six week courtship, and their five children. He concluded that he is 94 years old and is not yet finished with life.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:6843#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Andrew Marlow was born in Lake City, Minnesota in 1944. His father was a Sisseton Sioux from South Dakota, and his mother was from Lake City, Minnesota. The two met during World War II and were married shortly thereafter. After the war, the family moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, where Marlow grew up and attended school. When he graduated in 1962, he attended St. Cloud State. While at the university, he became interested in radio broadcasting and was involved with the inception of the college radio station, KVSC, in 1967. In 1964, Marlow transferred to the University of Minnesota. He then six months he joined the National Guard as a medic six months later, as he did not want to be involved in combat. In 1965, he returned to St. Cloud State, becoming involved in student government. Marlow was a member of the Student Senate from 1967 to 1969. Marlow also protested against the war in Vietnam. After he graduated in 1969, he accepted a position teaching at the Community College in International Falls, Minnesota, where he stayed for two years. He then became the Public Affairs Director of the KUOM college radio station at the University of Minnesota, where he produced an hour-long program on political and social issues. At the time of the interview, Marlow was still there, although his title had changed to News and Public Affairs Coordinator.

Transcript Summary: Marlow described his family history, as well as his education and early days at St. Cloud State. Marlow discussed his father, who was a member of the Sisseton Sioux Nation, as well as the story of how he and his mother met during World War II. He explained his reasons to attend St. Cloud State, where he initially hoped to triple major in Mathematics, Chemistry, and Physics. He later found those subjects too demanding and formed an interest in radio and television, which were only offered through the Speech department. Marlow decided to major in Speech but specialize in radio and television.

Marlow chronicled his college career, starting at St. Cloud State. He discussed professors that he remembers, including E. Bryce Scott, who taught in the Speech department. He recalled certain things about college life in St. Cloud, including those students from the Iron Range who called themselves the "Rangers." Marlow mentioned his job tending bar at the Press, which helped put him through college. Marlow explained his reasons for transferring to the University of Minnesota, and for joining the National Guard as a Medic to avoid the draft. He relayed the story of how he was court-martialed for refusing to carry a weapon. Marlow described  his return to St. Cloud State and his involvement in anti-war demonstrations, including an incident where he and his friends threatened to burn a dog alive with napalm to illustrate its effects. This event landed him in more trouble, but attracted much attention. He also included some general thoughts on how the Vietnam War affected the college and the city of St. Cloud.

Marlow focused post-college career, including life in International Falls and his employment at the KUOM radio station. Marlow added his some thoughts about events that caused tension during his time at St. Cloud State, including when some black students took over President Robert Wick's office. He believed that the situation was handled poorly, in part because it was a new situation that not many people knew how to deal with. Marlow credited his time at St. Cloud State for forming him into the person he became.

https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/scsu_oh/5 [11654]

Biographical Information: William (Bill) Morgan was born in 1933 in Pipestone, Minnesota. With degrees from Macalester College (BA, 1955) and the University of Minnesota (MA, 1962; Ph.D, 1972), Morgan arrived on campus in 1978. He taught mostly in American Studies, retiring in 2000. Before arriving at St. Cloud State, Morgan worked at Central Michigan University, University of Kentucky, St. Mary’s Junior College, and University of South Florida. After retirement from St. Cloud State in 2000, Morgan continued to teach as well as pen a local history article in the St. Cloud Times. Based much on his interest in architectural history, Morgan has written the following books: Earth, Wood, Stone: Central Minnesota Lives & Landmarks (Volume I and II), Salt Lantern: Traces of an American Family, and Light from the Hearth: Central Minnesota Pioneers & Early Architecture.

Transcript Summary: In an oral history conducted by St. Cloud State University Archivist Tom Steman on December 5, 2016, William (Bill) Morgan spoke mostly about his experiences as a professor at St. Cloud State University and his interest in architectural history. Morgan discussed the many positions in which he was able to incorporate architectural history and historic preservation in attempts to save old buildings from being destroyed. In particular, Morgan spoke of the Carnegie Library that once stood in downtown St. Cloud and the community efforts in attempt to save it. Morgan, who has written several books about St. Cloud’s history, also discussed how the growth of St. Cloud State physically changed the relationship between the campus and community. Morgan also spoke on his academic career, both as a student and an educator, particularly on teaching within the history department at St. Cloud State with architectural history and Minnesota history. Finally, Morgan expressed his appreciation for the unique architectural experience that St. Cloud State offers, and that the only change he has seen in students over his many years as an educator is how they dress.

https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/lemcon_oh/4/

Biographical Information: Sandy Nadeau served as executive director of the St. Cloud Symphony Orchestra from 2001 to 2014.

Transcript Summary: In an oral history interview conducted by Margaret Vos on June 10, 2015, Nadeau discussed the involvement of the St. Cloud Symphony Orchestra at the Lemonade Concert and Art Fair. Nadeau touched upon how the weather has affected the orchestra, performing outdoors and indoors and St. Cloud State, music played at the event, including music commissioned to honor Ginny Tennant, a longtime volunteer at the Lemonade Concert and Art Fair, and town and gown relations between St. Cloud State and the campus.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7396#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Lydia Olander was born on December 6, 1886 in Orion, Illinois. Her parents emigrated from Sweden so that her father could become a minster. After he was ordained, he and her mother were married, on July 1876. Olander’s father was called to a parish in Minneapolis in 1900, where the family then moved. Olander graduated from Central High School in Minneapolis in 1904. She chose to attend St. Cloud State because she always wanted to teach. Plus, her sister and friends had also attended the school. She graduated in June 1905 , then accepted teaching position for third and fourth grade in Brownton, Minnesota, where she taught for 2 years. Olander then took a position in the Minneapolis Public Schools. Here she taught at Van Cleve School and Hale School from 1929 to 1954. She also worked as a secretary for the American Vocational Institute, and taught courses at the American Business College. Later in her life she became very involved in St. Cloud State alumni activities.

Transcript Summary: Olander described her family history. She discussed her parents, who both emigrated from Sweden. Her father came over to become a minister for the Lutheran Church of America, then sent for her mother, whom he married in 1876. Olander recalled her decision to attend St. Cloud State, which was influenced both by her desire to teach as well as she had friends at the school.

Olander chronicled her time at St. Cloud State, completing her program in one year. She described living in Lawrence Hall, which burned down during her stay, forcing her to move in with some St. Cloud residents. Olander talked about her extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club.

Olander spent most of her teaching career in the Minneapolis Public School system teaching from third to sixth grade. She also attended the University of Minnesota to get licensed to teach junior high. Olander described her experiences working both at the American Vocational Institute and the American Business College.

Miscellaneous Material:
Photographs: Photos of Olander's family, St. Cloud Glee Club, family homes, schools she taught at, and others
Newspaper Clipping: One article by Barbara Flanagan on Olander's teaching career
Other: Teaching Certificate issued in 1907, offer to teach in Minneapolis Public Schools, other administrative materials related to teaching in Minneapolis Public Schools.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7441#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Donald Sikkink was born in 1928 in Minnesota. He grew up on a farm in Southeast Minnesota, just south of Rochester. He graduated from Harmony Public High School in Harmony, Minnesota in 1945. He chose to attend a Dutch Reformed College, Central College, in Pella, Iowa, until he was drafted in April 1946. After 1947, when all draftees were discharged from the Army, Sikkink attended the University of Minnesota on his G.I. Bill. He received his bachelor's degree in 1949, his master's degree in 1951, and his doctorate in 1954. After teaching for two years at Stanford in Palo Alto, California, he received a job in the Speech Department at South Dakota State University. He taught there until 1963, when he came to St. Cloud State. Sikkink taught in the Speech Communications department and held several administrative positions. He was vice president for Academic Affairs, director of International Studies, dean of the College of Fine Arts and Humanities, and chairperson of the department of Speech Communication. He retired in 1990.

Transcript Summary: Sikkink described his early educational background and career. He discussed his decision to attend a Dutch Reformed college, as his family grown up in the Dutch Reformed church. However, that was interrupted by World War II, which allowed him to finish school on the G.I. Bill. He talked about his decision to simply go straight through to his dissertation as quickly as possible, as well as his first teaching experience in Stanford, which he did not particularly enjoy. Sikkink described his time in South Dakota, and then his path to St. Cloud.

Sikkink explained his first impressions of St. Cloud State, claiming that he was surprised at how reluctant students were to speak up in class and express their thoughts and opinions. On the other hand, he was also surprised by how freely and openly the faculty spoke their beliefs, causing him to believe that there was a greater sense of freedom among the faculty at St. Cloud than at the previous schools he had taught at. Sikkink discussed St. Cloud State president George Budd and his policies. In addition, he described the ways in which the speech department has changed. Sikkink explained the way that the city of St. Cloud had changed thinking of St. John's as their university to adopting St. Cloud State as the city's college, due to the tremendous growth and change undergone by the school during Sikkink's time there.

Sikkink described what he considers to be his highs and lows while at St. Cloud State. He mentioned certain classes he enjoyed, such as the class he taught on parliamentary procedure. He also talked about the establishment of bachelor of Elective Studies degree, which he says was done as sort of an experiment. He explained his work in administration over the years. Sikkink expressed disappointment at the then-current situation where the faculty and administration were not getting along, claiming that the fighting was hurting the institution. Finally, Sikkink shared some anecdotes that describe some of his most memorable experiences at St. Cloud State University.

Interviewed by Jerry Westby

https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/lemcon_oh/1/

Biographical Information: Ginny Tennant was a community member who recruited artists to appear at the Lemonade Concert and Art Fair since its inaugural event in 1974.

Transcript Summary: In an oral history interview conducted by Margaret Vos on August 27, 2014, Tennant discussed her involvement with the Lemonade Concert and Art Fair since its first event in 1974. Tennant was part of the St. Cloud Community Arts Council, and with connections to St. Cloud State, worked on the visit of the Minnesota Orchestra in 1974 to help dedicate the new campus mall to have an art component. Tennant discussed that a few artists from that 1974 event still participate in the Lemonade event including Bob Trisko and Charlotte and David Neron. Tennant described in detail how she recruited artists from all over Minnesota, including how artists are selected through a semi-juried process, requiring artists to create original pieces of art. The semi-juried process allowed wide variety of forms and materials to be featured. Tennant also touched on set-up of the fair for the artists, the effect of the weather, and working with St. Cloud State employees. Tennant also described her day at the Lemonade event, including the hours before the event starts in the late morning.

1982: https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7420#/kaltura_audio

1990: https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7447#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Ludmila Voelker was born in Dodge, Nebraska in the 1920s. Her father emigrated from Czechoslovakia, settling in Nebraska and later South Dakota, where he lost his farm during the Depression. The family eventually moved to Litchfield, Minnesota. Voelker attended the College of Saint Benedict, where she received her Bachelor's degree in English, with a minor in speech and philosophy. She then taught English for three years in Holdingford, Minnesota, until 1954 when her future husband Fran, returned from Korea. They married that December, and for the next 10 years Ludmila stayed home to raise their five children. In 1965, she began working part-time at St. Cloud State while also beginning work on her Master's degree. She eventually began teaching full-time at the St. Cloud State. Voelker was very involved in the Faculty Association, and even served as president of the IFO immediately after the the Inter-Faculty Organization (IFO) / Minnesota Education Association (MEA) won the election in 1975. Voelker also served as the university’s affirmative action officer, a position she maintained up to the time of her retirement in 1990.

Transcript Summary for 1st Interview (1982): Voelker focused on her involvement in collective bargaining at St. Cloud State, and her support for the IFO and MEA. Voelker explained why she became involved with collective bargaining at St. Cloud State. She believed that partnering with the MEA was a good move, as it was the strongest political unit available to them at the time. Voelker discussed her time as president and some of the activities she was involved in.

Voelker chronicled her time as IFO president, and the importance of a woman being in a position of power at a time when such a thing was not very common. She claimed that the campus needed an articulate woman to show that women were capable of holding authority. Voelker discuseed what she did after holding that presidency, including being the president of the Minnesota Council of Teachers, which she held before taking a year of sabbatical and beginning work on a degree in Theology. Finally, she expressed her feelings on whether or not collective bargaining on campus was a success. She felt that the tension it has created between administration and faculty is unnecessary, and that work needed to be done to build trust between the two.

Transcript Summary for 2nd interview (1990): Voelker briefly discussed her family history before going into her education experiences. She talked about attending the College of Saint Benedict and then embarking on a teaching career before quitting to stay home and raise her five children. She then talked about how the desire to get back to teaching was so strong that it drew her to St. Cloud State.

Voelker worked as teaching assistant while pursuing her master's degree, but because of the surge in enrollment, had to take on more freshman composition classes than originally planned. Voelker discussed how important it was for faculty to be involved in other activities besides teaching. This led to her involvement with the IFO, as well as the publication of a book on Mass Media with her husband Fran.

Voelker talked about the changes undergone by the university as well as the impact of some important national events, such as the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Voelker chronicled the highs and lows of her career at St. Cloud, claiming that being selected as the university’s affirmative action officer was a great high, while getting burnt out on teaching was her low. She then discussed the rise in percentage of women professors on campus as a result of affirmative action, and her feelings on that subject in general. Finally, she offered some thoughts on the progress St. Cloud State University has made, calling it a wonderful institution, but also suggested some areas for improvement.

One photograph of Mrs. Voelker also in folder

First interview by Calvin Gower, second interview by Robert Nelson

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7480#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Tom Wadhams was born in 1922 and his family moved to St. Cloud the next year. Jeanne (Verby) Wadhams was born and raised in St. Paul, Minnesota. After she graduated from Johnson High School in St. Paul, she worked for a couple years before joining the military. She left the service in 1946 attended St. Cloud State to become a physical education teacher. Tom attended Riverview Elementary and then graduated from Tech High School in St. Cloud. He attended St. Cloud State from 1940-1941 before serving in World War II. In 1946, Tom returned to his classes at St. Cloud State and majored in Physical Education and Business Education. The two married when they were both sophomores and they graduated in 1949. They accepted teaching jobs in Little Fork, Minnesota after graduation. but Jeanne left after only four months to prepare for the birth of their first child. They then moved to Golden Valley, Minnesota, where Tom got a job with Honeywell which he held for 32 years before retiring. Jeanne worked as a substitute teacher when her children were older.

Transcript Summary: Tom and Jeanne each gave a brief family history. Tom discussed going to the Campus Lab School at Riverview, and named several of his teachers. Jeanne discussed putting off college until after she served in the military, thus making her an older than average student when she began at St. Cloud. They described their time at St. Cloud State. Tom was very involved with athletics, detailing St. Cloud State athletics in the late 1940s, particularly football and basketball. They also discuss some of their favorite teachers, including Marie Case, Helen Hill, and Clair Daggett.

Tom and Jeanne talked about their experience being married and living on campus in a house Jeanne's parents owned and also rented out to students. Jeanne described the "espirit de corps" among students and faculty when they first attended, but as the college grew, that familiarity faded. Jeanne was a member of the Athenaeum Literary Society, but quit because of the attitude of many of the members. They also belonged to the Married Couples Club. Tom and Jeanne talked about the relationship between the university and the city of St. Cloud, which they perceived as two separate entities that did not interact frequently.

Tom and Jeanne discussed their life after leaving St. Cloud State. They described their year teaching in Little Fork, as well as how well they believed St. Cloud prepared them for their careers. Jeanne believed that the student teaching experience did not meet her expectations, while Tom felt his training in Business and his time coaching prepared him very well for his career at Honeywell. They also discussed being veterans at St. Cloud State, and what it was like for veterans attending college.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:6855#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Robert Wick was born on January 23, 1913, in Henry County, Iowa, near Mt. Union. His family, who came from German ancestry, farmed in the area, and his father also worked as a stonecutter. Wick attended country school in Iowa, and graduated from a consolidated high school in Mt. Union, Iowa, in 1930. Wanting to become a school teacher. he decided to attend Iowa State Teacher's College in Cedar Falls, Iowa, where he majored in Speech. After graduation, he taught in Andrew, Iowa, for two years, then in Newton, Iowa, until 1942, when he was drafted into the Army. He married his wife Alice in April of that year, and, in 1943, was sent to Italy. When he returned, he attended graduate school on the GI Bill. Wick saw an opportunity at St. Cloud State to teach while pursuing his doctorate. At St. Cloud State, he taught speech courses. From 1962 to 1965, he served as the Dean of School of Science, Literature, and Arts. In 1965, Wick was appointed as the Vice President for Academic Affairs. Shortly after, St. Cloud State president George Budd resigned and Wick was named acting president, and, in 1966, the permanent president. Wick held the position until 1971.

Transcript Summary: Wick described his family history, as well as his educational background. He said he was the only member of his family to attend college, receiving great encouragement from his grandfather to pursue his education at a time during the Great Depression. Wick described his time teaching after college in Iowa, and then his experiences in the Army. Of the unit of 100 men he was one of six who returned home. He decided to attend graduate school, which he started at the University of Iowa, and through a friend from Iowa, found an opportunity to teach in St. Cloud while pursuing his doctorate.

Wick discussed his time at St. Cloud State. He arrived in 1948 and taught speech courses, while also coaching the Debate team. He described his transition into administration, something he never really considered, but his time as a lieutenant in the Army had given him good experience to do so. Wick talked about being Dean of Science, Literature, and Arts, and some of the changes he took part it. Wick described the road that led him to become St. Cloud State president. He described the goals he had as president, mainly to create more physical space to meet the demands of a campus that was growing rapidly. He also wanted to improve working and learning conditions for faculty and students, as well as refine some of the programs now that the university had gone from a teacher's college to a university with a broad curriculum.

Wick described some of the changes that took place while he was president, such as the growth of the Inter-Faculty Organization, which he thought worked together very well. He said students’ attitudes changed during the Vietnam War, claiming that some students came to the university simply to be involved in protests and demonstrations and did not care about pursuing an academic career. Wick touched upon the relationship between the university and the city of St. Cloud, stating that he did not believe it was very good when he first came in 1948. But that he and other presidents took steps to improve it, such as inviting as many people as possible to campus events.

4 reel-to-reel tapes

Biographical Information: Martha Dallman was born on March 20, 1904 in New Ulm, Minnesota. Both her parents were of German descent, and her mother migrated to Minnesota from Germany when she was 19. Her father was a minister for a German Evangelical Church, and later a minister for the United Church of Christ. He eventually gained a position at a church in St. Cloud at what is now Peace United Church of Christ. Martha chose to attend the St. Cloud State since it was close and she always wanted to teach. After graduating from the university in 1922, she taught in Tower for three years before attending the University of Minnesota for her master's degree. She accepted a job as a 5th grade Supervisor Critic in Winona, Minnesota, during which time she began work on her doctorate. After receiving her doctorate, she taught at several universities, including the University of Chicago, Wesleyan University in Ohio, and the University of Delaware. At the age of 78 she worked as a volunteer at Tiny Woods School in Mississippi, in charge of the reading lab. She also helped write several textbooks on teaching reading methods.

Transcript Summary: Dallman detailed her family history and upbringing, as well as her educational background. Here she discussed her father's work as a minister for the United Church of Christ, and how that affected her life and decisions. Her father, whose parents came from Germany, preached in German at first, but eventually transitioned to English as the younger generations could not understand German. Dallman also described her motivation to attend the St. Cloud State, based on both its proximity to her home as well as her desire to be a teacher.

Dallman discussed her time at St. Cloud State. Dallman described the teachers she admired, including Evelyn Pribble and President Joseph Brown, who she says was very personal with the students. She reflected on the fact that her strict father would not allow her to participate in any evening activities, which led her to feel that she missed out on some things. Dallman mentioned the rise in tuition when the school become St. Cloud State Teacher's College. Here she also discussed the fact that if a woman was married, it was much more difficult to find or keep a teaching job.

Dallman addressed the social activities she participated in at St. Cloud State, including the Avon Literary Society. She also discussed her life after leaving the Normal School, which led her to different teaching jobs in Minnesota. After earning her master’s and doctorate degrees, Dallman received several different teaching positions all over the country, from Chicago to Alaska. Dallman also discussed how her time at the St. Cloud State prepared her for a lifetime of teaching. Comparing the university to colleges today, she claimed that during her time at St. Cloud State, college was more of the exception than the rule. She believed today that going to college does not necessarily mean students are interested in studying and gaining knowledge.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7399#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Marcus (Mark) Erickson was born on October 22, 1913 in Fairmont, North Dakota. When he was young, his family moved to St. Cloud after his father got a job for Pan Motor Company, and later at Mathew Lumberyard, where he worked for 30 years. After graduating from St. Cloud’s Technical High School in 1932, he decided to go to St. Cloud State to become a teacher. Here he received a Bachelor's degree in 1936 in Education, with majors in Science, Math, and Industrial Arts. After he graduated, he received teaching jobs in Remer and Brainerd, Minnesota, before he began working with the Army Air Force Program. Here he helped develop a program that would help correct improper weight and balance in airplanes. This program was later moved to Yale, where Erickson was able to receive his master's degree in Education. He also received a master's degree in Science from the University of Michigan. He then moved to California, where he taught until 1956, when he began working with the California Teachers Association. He remained in California and eventually retired.

Transcript Summary: Erickson detailed his family history and educational background. Erickson discussed his father's receiving a job with Pan Motor Company as their reason for moving to St. Cloud, though the company later folded as a result of the owner going to jail. He described his family was somewhat poor, so the decision to attend St. Cloud State was a natural choice, since it was affordable and would allow him to live at home. He also detailed his reasons for becoming a teacher.

Erickson chronicled his time at St. Cloud State, as well as his involvement with the National Youth Administration (NYA), a New Deal program that allowed students to take part in work study programs. If not for the NYA, Erickson would not have been able to finish college. He also discussed several important teachers to him, including Evelyn Pribble. Erickson claimed that the teachers were very strict, but only because they knew the students were there to learn. He also addressed some of the extracurricular and social activities he was involved in at St. Cloud State, including band and the Camera Club, as well as the demographics of the school.

Erickson talked about his career after graduating from St. Cloud State, and also reflected on the ways in which the University prepared him for his career and other aspects of his life. He also discussed his memories of how the Depression affected the school and the people around him. Overall, he claimed that St. Cloud State was a strict but friendly school that prepared him wonderfully for a career as a teacher.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:6831#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Louis Filippi was born on March 1, 1920 in Keewatin, Minnesota. His parents came from Pravigula, Italy in 1910. They settled in Keewatin, Minnesota, in the Iron Range, where his father worked in the mines. Filippi graduated from Downing High School in 1939, and decided, as many of his friends in the Iron Range did, to attend St. Cloud State University to become a teacher. During his years there he excelled at sports, especially football and basketball. Filippi graduated from St. Cloud State in 1943. After college, Filippi entered the service, despite having a contract with the NFL’s Philadelphia Eagles. His time in the military took him from New Guinea to the Phillipines. When he finally returned to the United States in 1946, he opted out of his contract with the Eagles and moved to Little Falls, Minnesota, to work as a coach and teacher. He also coached high school sports, and even worked as a professional referee in the NCAA for 11 years. He married his wife in 1962, with whom he had six children.

Transcript Summary: Filippi detailed his family background. He discussed that his parents came from Italy before World War I and settled in the Iron Range. He also talked about growing up in the Iron Range, and the camaraderie that he formed with the other kids, whose parents also came from Europe. Filippi discussed his motivations for attending St. Cloud State, including the fact that two of his favorite goalies, Frank Brimsek and Sam Lopresti, attended the university. He was also encouraged to attend by Coach Ed Colletti.

Filippi chronicled his time at St. Cloud State. He discussed those teachers he particularly admired, such as Roland Torgerson and George Lynch. Filippi mentioned that he lived with other Iron Range men throughout his college career, and that they tended to stick together because of that common bond. Filippi described his involvement with sports. Initially he was in football, baseball, basketball, and track, until he had to drop track and baseball because of the war. He also discussed the effects that events such as the Depression and World War II had on his college career, including the B-7 Program, which allowed students to stay in college during the war.

Filippi described his impressions of St. Cloud State and its students. For example, he discussed the socioeconomic backgrounds of most of the students, believing that most were of lower-income families. Filippi claimed that most of the students he knew were willing and eager to have jobs while going to school. He also discussed the "esprit de corps" among the students, claiming that they had an immense pride in the school and were very involved in supporting the school at most functions. Filippi explained his impressions of the relationship between the city of St. Cloud and the university, stating that the community was supportive of the college, but not strong and adamant supporters of its activities. Filippi described his post-college career, including his time as a professional referee in the NCAA, as well as his time as a teacher and coach in Little Falls, Minnesota.

https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/scsu_oh/9 [15213]

Biographical Information: Roland Fischer grew up in Alexandria, Minnesota. He attended his first year of college at the University of Iowa and then transferred to St. Cloud State. Roland graduated in 1958 with majors in Art and Theatre. Upon graduation, Roland taught in Columbia Heights and Forest Lake, Minnesota. He returned to St. Cloud State to get a master’s degree and was instrumental in the establishment of Theatre L’ Homme Dieu in Alexandria in 1961. Over the next 25 years, Roland, his wife Rachel, and growing family moved all over the world: California, Minnesota, Ireland, New Zealand, Minnesota, China, and, then in 1987, Minnesota again and a job at St. Cloud State University. Roland was hired as a staff member in the Center of International Studies, eventually appointed its director in 1992. He served in that position until 1998 and then retired in 2000. He continued to work some after retirement, serviced from 2007 to 2015 as the first Nankai University Binhai College Visiting Professor and as St. Cloud State president Earl Potter’s senior consultant on China from 2008 to 2016. Roland married his wife Rachel in 1958 and they had two children.

Transcript Summary: Roland described his early family history, growing up in Alexandria. After high school, he attended the University of Iowa for a year, then transferred to St. Cloud State in 1955. Roland was very active in the theatre program at St. Cloud State and graduated in 1958. He detailed his participation in the theatre program as well discussed what campus was like in the mid to late 1950s. He taught in Columbia Heights and Forest Lake, Minnesota. Returning to St. Cloud State in the early 1960s, Roland described his role in the establishment of Theatre L’ Homme Dieu in Alexandria, Minnesota, which served as a summer stock theatre for campus.

After a brief move to California, Roland and family returned to Minnesota. From then on, they the family moved to places around the globe, including Europe, New Zealand, and China, returning between each move to Minnesota. Roland described these experiences and what they were doing internationally.

In 1982, Roland met newly arrived Chinese students at the University of Minnesota. They became friends with these students and those who arrived after them. The Fischers were often invited to Chinese events at the University of Minnesota. This connection gave them the opportunity to teach in China. That opportunity came when Roland was hired to teach at Nankai University. At Nankai University, Roland used theatre as a way to teach Chinese students English. Eventually, Roland was able to tour the United States with a Chinese theatre troupe, including stops at St. Cloud State University.

In 1987, Roland returned to the United State and was hired at St. Cloud State’s Center for International Studies. He described his efforts to recruit international students to attend St. Cloud State with the support of St. Cloud State’s president, alum, and Canadian-born Brendan McDonald. McDonald’s successor Robert Bess was supportive of Roland’s efforts, who by 1992 was now director of the Center for International Studies. Roland’s role began to change in 1995 when Bruce Grube. Roland described his job after Grube became president and then in 2000, after three years of phased retirement, retired.

https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/stc:7453#/kaltura_audio

Biographical Information: Herbert Goodrich was born in Manhattan, and raised in Brooklyn, New York. His father emigrated from Russia, while his mother came to America from Poland. Goodrich graduated from Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn, and attended the City College of New York, where he received his bachelor's degree in Education in English with a minor in speech. From New York, he went to Penn State, where he received his master's degree and then earning his doctorate in Mass Communications from the University of Illinois. He arrived at St. Cloud State in 1964, teaching in the Sociology and Anthropology department until 1990.

Transcript Summary: Goodrich explained his family and educational history, with attention paid to his upbringing in the very urban Brooklyn, New York, and the vast differences between that world and St. Cloud, Minnesota. He also discussed his first years at St. Cloud State, comparing them with the university in 1990, at the time interview was conducted. For instance, he talked about how the huge growth in student population was accompanied by a failure of the state of Minnesota to provide sufficient funds and resources to deal with that growth. He claimed that the growth contributed to a decline in familiarity and personal connections among staff, as well as a greater focus on publishing rather than the classroom.

Goodrich described how the students themselves changed during his time at St. Cloud State. He claimed that when he arrived in the 1960s, students were very demanding and not afraid to question what was being taught. In 1990, he felt that students were much quieter, and that there had been somewhat of a withdrawal from active learning.

Goodrich discussed the St. Cloud State’s perception as a "party" school, and how that has affected both students and faculty. Goodrich discussed the relationship between the university and the community of St. Cloud. Here he felt his ideas about universities was often seen as a threat to a conservative community, and how St. Cloud State fit into that idea. Goodrich discussed the highs and lows he experienced as a teacher, and how both relate to his impact, or lack thereof, on his students. Overall, he gave an insightful analysis of how the school changed, both on a large scale, and on a smaller scale by discussing changes within his own department, and credited the university for 26 years of wonderful academic and teaching experience.

Interview by Jerry Westby

https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/scsu_oh/3 [11652]

Biographical Information: Barbara (Svela) Grachek was born on February 10, 1941 in Moorhead, Minnesota. She grew up in Fargo, North Dakota, and graduated from Hopkins (MN) High School. She matriculated to St. Cloud State University in the fall of 1958 and majored in Business and Physical Education, earning her BS degree in 1962. She earned her master’s degree at St. Cloud State in 1963 and her Ph.D. in Higher Education at the University of Minnesota in 1978.

During her 42 year association with St. Cloud State, Grachek held numerous positions including clerical support in Industrial Arts and the Print Shop as an undergraduate, graduate assistant, assistant registrar, faculty member, teaching classes in business and business education, including teaching at St. Cloud State’s Alnwick and Denmark programs, associate dean in Liberal Arts and Sciences, director of International Programs, Vice President for Academic Affairs, and briefly, Chief Executive Officer. Grachek was instrumental in developing the Bachelor of Elective Studies at St. Cloud. She was also the first Affirmative Action officer and Title IX Coordinator. As one of the first female vice-presidents at St. Cloud State University, her tenure reflects not only the professionalization of higher education but also the changing role of women in higher education administration.

Grachek married Art Grachek in June 1964 and have two children, Sara and Rebecca.

Transcript Summary: In this oral history interview conducted by St. Cloud State University Archivist Tom Steman on March 8, 2017, Barb Grachek shares her memories as an undergraduate living in Whitney House and working several clerical jobs on campus in the late 1950s. Also included are anecdotes about her working relationship with Brendan McDonald, as a babysitter for his children, working in the Registrar’s Office, and McDonald’s final commencement as St. Cloud State president. Her stories of living and teaching in Dearborn and Detroit, Michigan, including her experience of being in Detroit during the 1967 race riots, earning her Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota while working at St. Cloud State, and teaching at SCSU’s Denmark program highlight her ability to balance professional and family life.

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